DARBASIYAH, Syria — When children enrolled for the 2015-2016 school year in areas of Syrian Kurdistan controlled by the Democratic Union Party (PYD) and its allies, the new curricula and educational system surprised many residents. The autonomous government in western Syria had in 2014 made the decision to teach the Kurdish language in schools. Thus Kurdish was added to the curricula for grades one through three, and Kurdish was designated a language of instruction in the other grades. It is an unprecedented step, as under Baath Party rule, Kurdish had been banned in Syrian schools since 1963. Teaching Kurdish was forbidden, and anyone caught teaching it faced arrest.

The decision to adopt Kurdish in schools was rejected by some residents, including Kurds. Those opposing it consider the measure a partisan effort that is not beneficial in the educational system and claim it could lead to a drop in attendance.

In 2014, governing authorities in the Kurdish areas secured funding for printing books to teach Kurdish, training teachers and developing a professional staff to oversee children’s education. Authorities believe that teaching children their native language is essential to creating a generation that loves its homeland.

Akram Hissou, chairman of the Executive Council of the Democratic Self-Management in al-Jazeera province, told Al-Monitor, “Teaching the mother tongue in schools is a form of practicing cultural rights. These rights are a priority in practicing democracy in any country. When the Democratic Self-Administration decided, via the education committee, to teach the curricula in the mother tongue as well as Syriac and Arabic, it created an opportunity to teach in different languages for the purpose of applying democracy and preserving the heritage of all of Rojava’s [Syrian Kurdistan's] coexisting components.”