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Independent media fades in Iraqi Kurdistan

The proliferation of independent media organizations in Iraqi Kurdistan in the early 2000s is reversing as political parties invest heavily in media outlets while intimidating independent journalists.
Iraqi Kurds read newspapers at a newspaper stand in Arbil, northern
Iraq, Febuary 19, 2003. Iraqi Kurds in the breakaway enclave of
northern Iraq said they had arrested Iraqi agents threatening the
safety of opposition leaders gathering to plan for the future of Iraq
if the United States topples Saddam Hussein. REUTERS/Caren Firouz

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ERBIL, Iraq — The independent media, one of the essential elements of Iraqi Kurdish democracy, is experiencing its worst days since its emergence in 2000. As private media outlets — especially satellite TV stations — proliferate, independent sources are being squeezed out of the picture.

The changing political and socioeconomic dynamics in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq have added tension to the conflicts among political parties. After the emergence in 2000 of Daily Hawlati, the first free Kurdish media outlet, the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) began establishing a number of media outlets to undermine the independent media. These outlets are widely referred to as the "shadow media," as they claim to be independent but are subservient to their respective political parties.

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