Turkey’s growing military presence in Somalia, aimed at supporting the fight against al-Shabab and expanding its influence in the Horn of Africa, has prompted criticism from some Somali actors over its perceived role in domestic political dynamics. 

Turkey has been caught in Somalia’s deepening rift between the federal government and regional authorities, as its expanding military role draws scrutiny. Critics, including regional officials and some lawmakers, accuse Ankara of backing Mogadishu in internal power struggles, pointing to the alleged use of Turkish-supplied weapons in confrontations between federal and local forces. Ankara, in turn, rejects the claims, insisting it does not take sides and is focused on preserving Somalia’s territorial unity while strengthening its security forces. Experts say the perception gap reflects Somalia’s polarized politics, where Turkey’s security-driven support, aimed at safeguarding its own interests and influence in the Horn of Africa, is often interpreted through shifting alliances rather than a fundamental change in its policy.

Disputes between Mogadishu and provincial governments have intensified in recent weeks, driven by disagreements over constitutional changes that are seen by some regional leaders as aimed at centralizing power.

In mid-March, Somalia’s Southwest State said it was suspending ties with the federal government, accusing it of interference in regional governance and security affairs, while Mogadishu rejected the claims and moved to assert control.