Iran’s widening campaign against Gulf airports, energy sites and civilian infrastructure is reshaping the region’s security calculus in real time. As the battlespace expand, it is not only straining Gulf air defenses but also exposing cracks in coordination, interceptor stockpiles and crisis resilience.

Tehran began this phase of the conflict with one of the region’s largest and most varied strike arsenals, including thousands of short-, medium- and long-range missiles, along with cruise missiles and long-range attack drones. Although it has used many of its longer-range weapons in previous conflicts with Israel, the past three days suggest its short- and medium-range missiles — the ones that pose the biggest threat to Gulf states — remain in significant supply.

Heavy reliance on US hardware