As Turkey’s relations with the West have been deteriorating, it has been trying to deepen its ties with Russia. Yet Ankara is about to suffer a major setback as the five Caspian littoral states (Russia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan) are getting ready to conclude their 27-year dispute.
The 14th article of the Caspian Sea convention that will be signed on Aug. 12 at a summit in Aktau, Kazakhstan, gives littoral states a say on the pipeline that will traverse their territorial waters.