As the number of public spaces in Turkey allowed to sell alcohol continues to decline, an exhibition at the Naval Museum in Istanbul tells the story of the rise of beer production and consumption in the late 19th century.

The exhibition, titled “Kendine Has” ("Sui Generis"), which opened March 13 and runs until April 12, pays homage to the history of the Bomonti beer factory and the modernizing role of beer in the predominantly Muslim Ottoman Empire. Situated on the European side of Istanbul, the Bomonti factory is not only a major industrial heritage building but in the past had been a culturally significant entertainment complex with beer gardens. The area surrounding it is now known as Bomonti.

Although 63% of Turks who drink alcohol prefer beer, according to the World Health Organization, beer was a rarity for them until the late 1800s. The Ottomans were familiar with boza, a fermented drink of millet or wheat, which was widely consumed throughout the empire. The first beer probably arrived with the army of King Charles XII of Sweden, who took refuge in Ottoman territory from 1709-1713 after his defeat by the Russians. The Swedish royal guest received an allowance from the Ottoman sultan that included a monthly provision of 300 “kiyye” beer, noted down in the official records of the empire as “arpa suyu” (barley juice), which makes roughly 385 liters. Locals in Bender, a town now located in modern-day Moldova, produced the beer locally to cater to the small Swedish community.

Turks were introduced to beer in the 19th century when beerhouses, mostly selling their own in-house brew, began to appear in cities such as Istanbul, Izmir and Selanik (current-day Thessaloniki). However, it was the Swiss Bomonti brothers who brought modern beer production to Istanbul when opening the Bomonti factory in 1890, followed by several beer gardens around the cosmopolis to boost consumption. The city beer gardens were a marker of change, making an alcoholic drink popular for the masses and as a beverage consumed during family get-togethers.