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Analysis

Iran faces strategic dilemma as Israel-Hezbollah conflict escalates

Iran's delay in fulfilling its pledged revenge for the death of Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh has now been compounded by the escalation between its top enemy, Israel, and its most favored proxy, Hezbollah, leaving Tehran having to choose between military engagement and strategic patience.

A man reacts while holding a Hezbollah flag during the funeral of people killed after hundreds of paging devices exploded in a deadly wave across Lebanon the previous day in a south Beirut district on Sept. 18, 2024.
A man reacts while holding a Hezbollah flag during the funeral of people killed after hundreds of paging devices exploded in a deadly wave across Lebanon the previous day in a south Beirut district on Sept. 18, 2024. — ANWAR AMRO/AFP via Getty Images

TEHRAN — This week witnessed one of the most intense episodes in the recent escalating cycle of violence between Lebanon's Tehran-backed Hezbollah movement and Israel, in which Ibrahim Akil, a wanted senior elite force commander of the Shiite group, was killed in south Beirut Israeli strike, alongside several other senior members.

The attack was preceded by a chain of communication devices blasts across Lebanon that left at least 37 dead, most of them Hezbollah militants, with nearly 4,000 others injured.   

The ongoing conflict has raised questions regarding whether Tehran will ultimately engage in a direct conflict with Israel to shore up Hezbollah or maintain restraint, a policy it has largely adopted since the outbreak of the Gaza war over the past year. 

On Thursday, Maj. Gen. Hossein Salami, the commander of Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), condemned the pager blasts, blaming the sophisticated attacks on Israel. In an open letter to Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah, the hard-line commander pledged an "overwhelming response." Salami, however, refrained explicitly from making any promise of Iranian involvement in such retaliation.

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