World leaders appealed for calm Friday after reported Israeli retaliation against Iran added to months of tense spillover from the war in Gaza, with Iranian state media reporting explosions in a central province.
Israeli officials made no public comment on the attack and Iranian officials played down its significance.
Iranian Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian said Israeli micro-drones used in the operation had caused no deaths or damage, dismissing it as a "desperate attempt to make a victory out of their repeated defeats".
But the spectre of direct hostilities between the Middle East arch-foes rattled world markets with prices of oil, gold and equities seesawing.
Israel had warned it would hit back after Iran fired hundreds of missiles and drones almost a week ago in retaliation for a deadly April 1 air strike -- widely blamed on Israel -- that levelled the Iranian consulate in Damascus and killed seven Revolutionary Guards.
A senior US Congressional source told AFP there had been retaliatory Israeli strikes but declined to provide any details, saying they were classified.
After state television said explosions were heard near the city of Isfahan, Iran activated its air defence systems over several cities, official media reported.
An unidentified Israeli official told The Washington Post the "strike" was retaliation for Iran's drone and missile barrage and was intended to signal that Israel was able to hit inside Iran.
Iran's Tasnim news agency, citing "informed sources", denied that Iran had been attacked from outside.
"Contrary to the rumours and claims" made in foreign media, "there are no reports of an attack from abroad", Tasnim said.
Three Iranian officials told The New York Times that small drones carried out the "attack", possibly launched from inside Iran, and that radar had not detected unidentified aircraft entering Iranian airspace.
Fars news agency reported "three explosions" close to Qahjavarestan, near Isfahan airport and the 8th Shekari army airbase.
Iran's space agency spokesman Hossein Dalirian said there was "a failed and humiliating attempt to fly quadcopters, which were shot down".
There were "no reports of a missile attack", Dalirian said on social media platform X.
"Reports indicate there was no major damage or large explosions caused by the impact of any air threat," the official IRNA news agency said.
- Nuclear sites undamaged -
Iran's army commander-in-chief Abdolrahim Mousavi attributed Friday's explosions to "the firing of anti-aircraft defence systems on a suspicious object".
Nuclear facilities in Isfahan were reported to be "completely secure", Tasnim said, and the UN's atomic watchdog confirmed "no damage" to Iran's nuclear sites.
Washington received advance notice of Israel's reported strike, but did not endorse it or play any part in its execution, US media quoted officials as saying.
President Joe Biden had promised "ironclad" support for Israel, but also urged it to "think carefully and strategically" before launching a response against Iran that could trigger a wider war.
An Israeli strike on Syrian army position was also reported on Friday, while an "explosion" hit an Iraqi base overnight.
Outside of Baghdad, several people were wounded in a blast at a military base housing an Iran-backed coalition, security sources said early Saturday.
Iraq's Popular Mobilization Forces, or Hashed al-Shaabi, said the "explosion" had inflicted material losses and injuries, without specifying how many.
There was no immediate claim of responsibility and the US military denied reports it had any involvement.
- 'Dangerous cycle of retaliation' -
Last weekend, Iran launched its first-ever attack directly targeting Israel.
With the help of the United States and other allies, Israel intercepted most of the more than 300 missiles and drones it said Iran had launched. Minor damage and no deaths resulted.
Iran said its attack was in retaliation for the April 1 strike on its Damascus consulate.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has been under international pressure over the civilian toll in Gaza's war, and an analyst said the consulate strike allowed Israel to take the focus off Gaza.
However, foreign ministers of the G7 group of developed economies, meeting in Italy on Friday, kept up that pressure.
The group said they opposed a "full-scale military operation in Rafah", where most of Gaza's population is sheltering, because it would have "catastrophic consequences" for civilians.
Mediators have acknowledged that negotiations for a truce in Gaza were stalling, but Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan appears to be trying his luck and will meet Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh on Saturday to discuss the conflict.
- 'Space to climb down' -
UN chief Antonio Guterres has called for an end to "the dangerous cycle of retaliation" in the Middle East, his spokesman said.
Analysts said further tit-for-tat violence could be avoided.
Sanam Vakil, director of the Middle East and North Africa programme at Britain's Chatham House think tank, said the reported Israeli strike had been "calibrated to avoid damage and further Iranian aggression".
"As long as Iran continues to deny the attack and deflect attention from it and no further hits are seen, there is space for both sides to climb down the escalation ladder for now," he said.
Nomi Bar Yaacov, associate fellow of the think tank's international security programme, said the attack had been "carried out in a manner that will allow Iran to deny the attack and draw a line under it".
On Tehran's streets, some called for peace.
"We are against war," said Behrouz, 71, a retired firefighter who did not give his surname. "We are not happy with the killing of people, whether they are Iranians, Israelis or Gazans."
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