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How does Erdogan get away with it all?

The United States and European Union’s inertia may allow Turkey to threaten de-escalation efforts in Libya and South Caucasus.

President of Turkey, Recep Tayyip Erdogan arrives to give a press conference after the cabinet meeting at the Presidential Complex in Ankara, Turkey, on September 21, 2020. (Photo by Adem ALTAN / AFP) (Photo by ADEM ALTAN/AFP via Getty Images)
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan arrives to give a press conference after the Cabinet meeting at the presidential complex in Ankara, Turkey, Sept. 21, 2020. — ADEM ALTAN/AFP via Getty Images

The United Nations brokered an agreement between Libya’s two main warring factions for a cease-fire in Geneva on Oct. 23. Stephanie T. Williams, deputy secretary-general of the UN and acting special envoy to Libya, announced that “the two sides agreed to a complete, countrywide and permanent agreement with immediate effect.”

Williams said that the agreement called for front-line forces to return to their bases and for the withdrawal of all foreign forces and mercenaries from the country within three months — a process that would be monitored by the UN. 

She referred to the agreement as “historic,” and extended her thanks to “the President of the Presidency Council, Mr. Fayez Sarraj, and the other members of the Council, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, Mr. Agila Saleh and Field Marshal General Commander Khalifa Hifter.”

The UN “saluted the agreement” reached “thanks to the efforts of Stephanie Williams,” describing it as pointing to “a better, safer, and more peaceful future.”

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