June 5, 2017, will mark 50 years since the Six Day War in which Israel conquered the West Bank and the Gaza Strip as well as the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights. Israel considered it a war of defense, given repeated threats by Egyptian leadership at the time (then-President Gamal Abdel Nasser) to annihilate the country with the support of all Arab states. The Arab armies were defeated in six days. But what started as a rescue war, as a blessing for Israel, turned with time into a burden and a curse of controlling the lives of 2-3 million Palestinians. For the Palestinians, this date marks a second tragedy, after the very establishment of Israel in 1948.

Half a century of occupation saw the rise of a Palestinian national movement (PLO), a violent struggle and also peace efforts — all to no avail. Fifty years later, the West Bank is still under Israeli occupation, with a weak Palestinian Authority (PA) in charge of mostly civilian areas.

A bitter debate is currently raging within the leadership of the PA as to how to achieve the creation of an independent Palestinian state, thus ending Israeli occupation. The diplomatic route, which did provide hope during the Oslo process, seems to have reached a dead end. Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas is still committed to a diplomatic solution by involving the international community and preventing violence, also via the security cooperation with Israel. But it appears that Abbas is more isolated now than ever before within the Palestinian leadership. Many other Palestinian leaders, even amid the Fatah movement, are inclined toward an armed intifada. Nevertheless, Abbas is (still) hinging his hopes on the Quartet (United States, European Union, United Nations and Russia) and on French initiatives for a negotiated two-state solution on the basis of the 1967 lines with the backing of the international community.

In the Ramallah government offices, one can detect today a sense of despair. Practically no one within the leadership really believes that, especially during an American election year, there will be any movement toward Palestinian statehood. A senior PLO official close to Abbas told Al-Monitor on condition of anonymity that time is running out. Alluding to the 50th anniversary of the Six Day War, he said that all PLO leaders are unanimous about this date constituting the absolute deadline for independence. And so, in informal deliberations on the subject, it was agreed that if no concrete and substantial progress is made soon toward ending Israeli occupation, the PLO leadership will declare on June 6, 2017, the establishment of an independent Palestinian state on the 1967 lines with East Jerusalem as its capital and will ask for UN recognition. The official said that the leadership will work until then to secure a UN majority, including at the Security Council, for such a scenario. Be that as it may, many PLO seniors are committed to declare statehood even without UN Security Council acceptance, and thereafter, they are ready to engage in an “intifada of independence.”