CAIRO — Several questions have been raised on the second anniversary, on April 28, of the Tamarod movement (Arabic for “rebellion”) — a grass-roots campaign that played a major role in the overthrow of former Egyptian President Mohammed Morsi and the Muslim Brotherhood regime only one year after its ascension to power in Egypt. Chief among those questions were inquiries about the future of Tamarod, its current position in the Egyptian street and the validity of the accusations by the Supreme Administrative Court of Tamarod's having received foreign money and support, particularly from the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

The Tamarod movement, established in 2013, laid out the causes behind its rebellion against Morsi and its call for early presidential elections in a Tamarod form, part of one of Tamarod’s campaigns that includes the sale of the Suez Canal to Qatar, poor people sleeping on an empty stomach, lack of security, poor hygiene in the country, the Egyptian Constitution suiting the Muslim Brotherhood’s convenience, deterioration of economic conditions, lack of citizen dignity and nonrestoration of the January 25 Revolution martyrs’ rights and not holding accountable those responsible for the killings by the Hosni Mubarak regime.

The campaign collected 22 million signatures, and on Nov. 26, 2013, a group of its founding members held a conference titled “Correcting the Pathway," during which they announced that seven of its members had been referred to investigation on the grounds of turning the campaign into a political movement, without the consent of the campaign’s rightful “owner,” namely the Egyptian people. The investigation is being handled by Tamarod founding members.

The division within the ranks of the movement exacerbated after the movement's founder, Mahmoud Badr, called for the support of Abdel Fattah al-Sisi in his presidential run in February 2014. On Feb. 9, 2014, the movement announced the freezing of the membership of Hassan Shaheen, Mohammed Abdul Aziz and Khaled al-Qadi for their support of Hamdeen Sabahi. Sabahi was one of the opposition symbols within the Egyptian parliament during the reign of Hosni Mubarak and had run for president against Sisi, which is why Tamarod considered showing support for Sabahi a divergence from Tamarod’s standard direction. Tamarod was subsequently split among supporters of Sisi, supporters of Sabahi and other dissidents who did not want the popular movement to join the political conflict at the time.