Confusion reigned over the educational process in Egypt following the spread of the country’s political crises to education curriculums, which were amended, with material added or removed as the prevailing political changes dictated. In this regard, the Egyptian Ministry of Education announced that curriculums had been completely purged of the amendments imposed by the Muslim Brotherhood when it took power.
At the same time that the Ministry of Education announced the rescindment of amendments forced by the Brotherhood on the curriculums, it also implemented changes to the curriculums at the beginning of the school year, when it removed a course titled "The Difference Between a Revolution and a Coup" from the curriculum of high school seniors. It further put a stop to the printing of their psychology and sociology textbook, which contained references to this long-taught distinction between revolutions and coups, and included long-winded phrases and sentences that spoke of the differences between popular revolutions and military coups. Amendments to school curriculums also involved reprinting the high school-level National Education textbook, when it was found to include pictures of Muslim Brotherhood figures such as Saad el-Katatni and Osama Yassin, as well as pictures of Ayman Nour. Another subject dropped from the curriculum was the one pertaining to the opinions on legitimacy, intended to be included in the National Education textbook.
Minister of Education Mahmoud Abou el-Nasr confirmed that the psychology and National Education textbooks of high school seniors contained grave errors and were not suitable for use in schools. The National Education textbook was discarded and reprinted because it covered the subject of backing legitimacy. The minister also described the psychology textbook as a joke, affirming that its back cover showed the yellow four-fingered sign typically raised by Brotherhood members.
In this regard, education expert Kamal Moughit told Al-Monitor, "It is within the Ministry of Education’s authority to delete some phrases that it deemed inappropriate and which served to glorify the Brotherhood simply because it attained power." He pointed out that there were flagrant additions to the humanities curriculum, such as an allusion to the concept of "dhimmis" [under Sharia, dhimmi, or protected status, was originally afforded to Jews, Christians and Sabians] to describe the Copts, despite that this concept was stricken from Egyptian curriculum in 1856. Furthermore, Muslim Brotherhood symbols were mentioned in the textbooks, to the point where the "Rabia" (four-fingered) salute was printed on one of them. These additions came about as a result of the 1 million yearly textbooks that were printed, at a cost of 2 billion Egyptian pounds (about $287.8 million), in dozens of private presses and publishing houses, one of which was owned by the Brotherhood, necessitating that the ministry reprint them all, according to Moughit.
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