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Analysis

Israel adapts, Turkey rises, Iran ruined: How 2 years of Gaza war reshaped Middle East

Turkey’s involvement worries Israel in Syria but also raises hopes for pressuring Hamas to agree to President Donald Trump's ceasefire proposal.

OMAR AL-QATTAA/AFP via Getty Images
A Palestinian woman sits overlooking a camp for displaced people in Khan Younis in the southern Gaza Strip, on Sept. 29, 2025, as the conflict between Israel and the Palestinian militant group Hamas continues. — OMAR AL-QATTAA/AFP via Getty Images

TEL AVIV — Israel is facing new sets of threats and challenges as Turkey takes an active role on both Gaza and Syria. Long a foe from afar but never an enemy on the ground, Turkey’s involvement worries Israel in Syria but also raises hopes for pressuring Hamas to agree to President Donald Trump's ceasefire proposal. 

A changed Middle East

On the second anniversary of the Oct. 7 Hamas massacre, many Israelis are optimistic about an impending end to the Gaza war but still shaken. Subdued memorials are being held by the devastated communities and hostage families to mark the date.

The war that Israel launched in retaliation has crippled Hamas and Hezbollah, killing their leaders and severely degrading their arsenals, as well as significantly damaging Iran’s nuclear program and ballistic missile stockpiles. But removing the grave threats on Israel’s borders has come at a great cost, with tens of thousands of civilian lives lost in Gaza and extreme damage to Israel's global standing. 

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